Systems Approach
The input-process-output model of a system also brings out another dimension of the systems approach. It is a way of looking at things, processes or problems. Instead of attacking the problem in an arbitrary manner, the systems approach helps solve the problem systematically. So, the systems approach is a tool to be used for solving educational problems more efficiently and effectively, Systems approach can also be looked upon as a mode of thinking that emphasizes problem identification and problem resolution. It enables an individual to &fine the problem precisely, consider the alternative available and to choose the most efficient alternative (on the basis of the performance criteria) to solve the problem and achieve the goal(s). As systems approach is basically a mess of problem solving, it can be applied to many areas in the field of education, such as instruction, research, management of educational institutions, curriculum development and so on. One may apply it to any problem situation as the process and the mode of thinking remains the same.
Suppose we wish to develop a new course or instructional unit according to the system concept. We should begin with a survey and analysis of subject - matter identifying the skills to be learnt and the characteristics of the learners. The specific objectives, learning outcomes and performance criteria should then be formulated. An inventory of human, technological and financial resources must be made besides considering the limitations or constraints like, time, money, facilities etc. This is the stage at which we are concerned with media along with other materials. No doubt, course construction and software production can begin only after completion of content, method and media strategies. Available materials must be reviewed and examined. When no suitable materials are available, we must prepare a 'package' in the form of good kits. Field testing and validation provide opportunities to try out newly developed instructional packages with a representative sample of students. While a full scale try out is underway, we must observe closely all aspects and note further adjustments that may be needed. Implementation is the final step of putting the validated materials into full scale operation. Continuous feedback should be obtained from the learners at every stage which should lead to a further cycle of updating and modification. The least effective methods are recycled out and better materials are incorporated.
ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEM APPROACH
1. It provides a conceptual framework on which to build plans for implementing change for education.
2. It helps to identify the suitability or otherwise of the resource material to achieve the specific goals.
3. It helps to assess the resources needs, their sources and facilities in relation to quantities, time and other factors
4. Technology advances could be used to provide integration of machines, media and people for attaining the definite goal.
5. It permits an orderly introduction of components demonstrated to be required for systems success in terms of student learning.
6. Rigidity in plan of action is avoided as continuous evaluation affords desired beneficial changes to be made.
CONCLUSION
The development and use of a technology in the field of education is viewed in different ways by different people. Some claim it as the basis of a revolution in the educational system aimed at improving the effectiveness and efficiency of education at different levels. On the other hand, some castigate it as a movement aimed at replacing the traditional teacher from the educational scene by sophisticated machines and gadgets. But, in reality the function of an educational technology lies in structuring the environment for learning, by the use of modern methods, techniques, approaches, media etc. In simple words, educational technology is concerned with the development, application and evaluation of systems, techniques and aids to improve the process of human learning. Thus, we can conclude that system approach helps in optimising the effectiveness of use of educational technology. It helps in all the three phases, i.e. designing, implementing and evaluating phases of educational technology.
SUMMARY
System approach has been introduced in the field of education to manage, control and improve the process and products of education. It acts as a link between hardware and software approach. The system approach to design and analysis of teaching/learning situations is the basis of the great majority of modern educational technology related development. System approach is a rational problem-solving method of analyzing the educational process and making it more effective. The system approach in instruction is an integrated, programmed complex of instructional media, hardware and personnel whose components are structured as a single unit with a schedule of time and sequential phasing. Thus, system approach is a systematic attempt to coordinate all aspects of a problem towards specific objectives. It helps to assess the resources needs, their sources and facilities in relation to quantities, time and other factors In education, this means planned and organised use of all available learning resources to achieve the desirable learning objectives. In the context of education, the system is a unit as a whole incorporating all its components and parts namely, pupils, teachers, curriculum, content, audio visual media and evaluation of instructional objectives. Flow Diagram is a collective term for a diagram representing a flow or set of dynamic relationships in a system. It is used to structure and order a complex system, or to reveal the underlying structure of the elements and their interaction.
0 comments:
Post a Comment